Biology Calculators

Biology calculations split between the bench and the field, and this section holds both. In the lab, a primer's melting temperature or a gene expression fold change decides whether an experiment is set up right. In the field, population growth and catch rates decide whether a stock is holding up. The tools are small and specific, one calculation each.

Log2 fold change is how gene expression work reports a shift between two conditions: a control of 100 and a treatment of 800 is not just “8 times…

Melting temperature (Tm) decides whether your PCR primers anneal cleanly or misprime.

Melting temperature (Tm) is the point at which half of a double-stranded molecule has separated into single strands.

What colour eyes will a baby have?

A population growth calculator projects a future population from a starting size, an annual growth rate and a time period.

Two boats fish the same water. One lands 200 fish in a weekend, the other lands 200 fish in a month.

Run a seed sample, count what sprouts, and this calculator turns the count into a germination rate, a germination index, and a quality grade judged against the standard for your seed type.

The net reproductive rate answers one of demography’s biggest questions with a single number: is this population replacing itself?